CHART CHOICES & CHECKABLE METHODS

Truncated y-axis: when a shorter scale changes the story

A truncated axis starts above the natural zero reference. It can help reveal small positional changes in a line or scatter plot, but it distorts the visible length ratios of bars that represent amounts.

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The comparison at a glance

ValuesBaselineVisible lengthsLength ratio
90 and 100090 and 1001.111…
90 and 1008010 and 202
DifferenceEither10 unitsUnchanged

Calculate the visual ratio

Suppose two fictional values are 90 and 100. From zero, their bar lengths have ratio 100/90 ≈ 1.111. If the visible baseline is 80, lengths become 10 and 20, with ratio 2. The numerical difference remains ten units, but the shape now suggests a doubling of visible length. That is why the baseline is part of the encoding.

Point position differs from filled length

A line graph locates observations on an axis and connects ordered neighbours. A tighter range can make small differences visible without claiming that the vertical distance from the plot edge represents a total amount. Readers still need clear ticks, units and context, especially when several charts use different scales for comparable measures.

Keep the comparison purpose explicit

If a report asks whether a measurement moved by a few units around a stable level, a clearly labelled close view may be useful. If it asks how large two quantities are relative to one another, a baseline-preserving view is more direct. Showing a full context view alongside a close view can serve both questions without hiding the scale choice.

Use the maker’s defaults deliberately

ChartsAI’s bar maker includes zero for positive amounts and extends to signed values when needed. The line maker has an explicit zero-baseline option. Neither a default nor a visually dramatic result replaces judgement about the claim. Inspect ticks and source values before exporting, and retain a table for readers who need exact differences.

A related chart you can inspect

Diverging bar chart with positive and negative changes
Diverging bar chart with positive and negative changes. Original fictional data; this linked example has its own complete input and calculation settings.

Open the worked example ↗

References and reproducibility

The worked arithmetic and teaching examples on this page are original. Background reading: ONS guidance on axes. Source code and reuse terms expose the implemented calculations.

Written by SupaMakers for ChartsAI · September 8, 2026.

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